RDE Abstract of Completed Research
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Sugar and Co-Products Utilization / Cane Tops
Feed value of sugarcane by-products Ma. Lourdes I Dormido and Ma. Lourdes T. Escarilla
The Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) values, indicative of the relative energy value of a food to an animal, were evaluated on cane tops of ten popular Philippine sugarcane varieties in the first study; and ten treatment combinations of cane tops, molasses and bagasse with some supplementation in the second study.
The TDN values of the cane tops sampled among the ten varieties had highly significant differences. The highest TDN value of 72.03 and crude fiber content of 39.16% were those of Phil. 7495. TDN values of Phil 7115, Phil 6553, Phil 58260, Phil 7779 and Phil 6607 were statistically comparable to Phil 7495.
The differences among the TDN values of the ten treatment combinations in the second study were highly significant. The treatment combination IX (cane tops-0; molasses-15% bagasse-85%+urea) yielded the highest TDN value (72.12), followed by combination VII (cane tops-42.5%; molasses-15%; Bagasse-42.5%+urea). Both treatments were statistically comparable.
The sugarcane farmers/millers with an integrated cattle production scheme may therefore choose their raw materials for feed from the figures presented, and also make the choices according to the availability of materials.
Evaluation of the feed value of ensiled and non-ensiled mixtures of sugarcane tops, molasses and bagasse Ma. Lourdes I. Dormido, Lucia C. Sanchez and Ma. Lourdes T. Escarrilla Sugarcane by-products such as cane tops, molasses and bagasse were ensiled with urea and sodium hydroxide for sixty days and changes in proximate analysis and Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN), indicative of the relative energy value of a food to an animal, were evaluated for each treatment.
Differences in crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, per cent ash and TDN were highly significant among the treatments after ensilage. The statistically highest TDN of 75.36 after ensilage was observed on T5 (0 cane tops, 85% bagasse, 15% molasses + urea) and this was statistically comparable to T1 (0 cane tops, 85% bagasse and 15% molasses) and T6 (42.5% cane tops, 42.5% bagasse, 15% molasses + urea) with TDN values of 74.68 and 72.05 respectively.
Urea significantly increased the crude protein after ensilage while sodium hydroxide increased the ash content before and after ensilage.
The TDN values of the different mixtures before and after ensilage showed little differences, which proved that the process of ensilage was able to conserve and stabilize the nutrient values of mixtures of cane tops, molasses and bagasse both in he presence and absence of chemical additives such urea and sodium hydroxide.
Microbial protein enrichment of sugarcane by-products Ma. Lourdes I. Dormido, Ma. Lucia C. Sanchez, Corazon H Pahilanga and Ma. Lourdes T. Escarrilla Sugarcane farm wastes such as cane tops and trash are know to be good fodder for ruminants, however, they are not used to a great extent. Filter mud, a waste product of the sugar factory, is a plant nutrient source in its decomposed form. However, tons of filter mud are left in sugar mill yards. These waste products are potential sources of animal feed and organic fertilizer.
The effect of chemical and /or microbiological treatment of sugarcane farm wastes bagasse and filter mud has been studied at the Sugar Regulatory Administration.
Trichoderma harzianum, a strain belonging to the cellulolytic fungus decomposers, was used to inoculate several substrate/treatments of sugarcane waste products. Each substrate consisted of different combinations of farm and factory wastes. The effect of microbial inoculation on the nitrogen content of the substrates was observed at measured time intervals. The microorganism was found to enrich the protein contents of the different substrates by 129% to 461% after the third day to the 34th day.
Six strains of Trichoderma inoculated on bagasse with and without ipil-ipil were evaluated and compared for their nitrogen enriching capacity. One day after inoculation, all six strains of Trichoderma namely: T. harzianum, T. lignorum, T. koningi, T. viride, T. pseudokoningi and T. resie were able to increase the % protein of bagasse with or without ipil0ipil by 163% - 1,143%. Trichoderma pseudokoningi obtained the highest % protein at 2 and 7 days after inoculation. Thirty days after inoculation, three strains namely: T. harzianum, T. viride and T. pseudokoningi were able to enrich the protein content of bagasse with and without ipil-ipil. T. lignorum increased the protein content of bagasse only in the presence of ipil-ipil.
Value-added silage from sugarcane by-products for fishfeed production Teresita O. Macuro, Ma. Lucia C. Sanchez, Marilou Agravante, ma. Lourdes T. Escarrilla Silage is obtained after fermentation of sugarcane by-products. It has a distinctive aromatic smell due to the presence of volatile fatty acids and alcohols. Different concentrations of molasses and urea affected the pH, nitrogen and lactic acid content of the silage. In the presence of urea, molasses were required to increase lactic acid levels. Urea increased the pH and volatile fatty acid levels and decreased lactic acid formation.
In the process of ensilage, good preservation is achieved by the formation of lactic acid. Quality silage is equated with maximum lactic acid and minimum acetic acid as given by the Flieg Index (Wilkins et.al.). Nutritive value of the silage became stable and enhanced by production of protein and lactic acid during the mineralization process.
Nutrient analyses of silage were attained by proximate analysis of silage into six fractions: moisture, ahs, crude protein, fats, crude fiber, and carbohydrates. Food is evaluated as Total Digestible Nutrients. The higher the TDN value, the higher is its value as food.
The desired nitrogen content, 35-40 percent, was attained in the feed preparation. Invivo- testing of feeds conducted using bangus fingerlings met specification standards as to stability in water, digestibility and palatability.
